Security Clearance FAQ
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  1. #1

    Security Clearance FAQ

    I have noticed a few questions about security clearances on these boards so I compiled all the best information/links for your knowledge.

    Practice Security Clearance (must have adobe PDF viewer):
    http://usmilitary.about.com/library/pdf/sf86.pdf


    There are different categories of clearance? what are they?
    .Confidential
    .Secret
    .Top Secret

    Why is a Security Clearance neccesary?

    The interests of the national security require that all persons privileged to be employed in the departments and agencies of the government shall be reliable, trustworthy, of good conduct and character, and of complete and unswerving loyalty to the United States. This means that the appointment of each civilian employee in any department or agency of the government is subject to investigation. The scope of the investigation will vary, depending on the nature of the position and the degree of harm that an individual in that position could cause. The requirement to be investigated applies whether or not the position requires a security clearance (in order to have access to classified national security information).

    Do I have to answer all the questions on the form? A lot of that information has already been given?
    A.

    Yes. The Security Questionnaire is part of an investigation process. All of the questions should be answered fully, accurately, and honestly.
    Q.

    What will happen if I refuse to give you some of this personal information?
    A.

    The investigation is a job requirement. Providing the information is voluntary, but if you choose not to provide the required information, you will not meet the requirements of the job and will therefore not be considered further. If you are already employed by the Federal government, your appointment will be terminated. The courts have upheld this principle.
    Q.

    What should I do if I remember something later, after I've filled out the form and turned it in?
    A.

    Immediately notify the security officials to whom you submitted the questionnaire.
    Q.

    I don't want everybody reading my personal information; who gets to see this form?
    A.

    The only persons authorized to see your personal information are Personnel Security, Suitability, and Investigations professionals who have been investigated at the appropriate level and who have a genuine and demonstrated need for access to the information.
    Q.

    I'm not a criminal; why do you want my fingerprints?
    A.

    So that we can verify your claim that you're not a criminal by checking the FBI's fingerprint files. And, Executive Orders require that all Federal employees be fingerprinted.

    Q.

    Are you going to interview people other than those I name on the questionnaire? If so, why?
    A.

    Background Investigators are required to identify, locate, and interview a sufficient number of people who know you well. We want a balanced and unbiased investigation; it would be a questionable investigative practice to only interview persons whom the individual being investigated identified for us.
    Q.

    Is it okay if I guess at dates and addresses that I barely remember?
    A.

    Providing information that is as complete and accurate as possible will assure that your investigation is completed in an efficient and timely manner. If you give us approximate information, note that on the questionnaire and, if you're interviewed in person, point out the approximated information on the questionnaire to the Investigator.
    Q.

    Why do you need information about my relatives?
    A.

    Relatives can potentially influence your actions. We need to determine if you could be exploited by threats or pressure against your relatives or if they themselves could exert pressure against you.
    Q.

    Will I get a chance to explain some of the answers I give you?
    A.

    Yes. Many types of background investigation involve a personal interview. Moreover, you may submit information on extra pages with your questionnaire if you feel you need to more fully explain details or circumstances of the answers you put on the form.
    Q.

    Who gets to see the report you prepare about me? Do I?
    A.

    The only persons authorized to see this information are Personnel Security, Suitability, and Investigations professionals who have been investigated and have a demonstrated need to review the information. You may request a copy of your investigation file under provisions of the Privacy Act. For an OPM investigation request, write to OPM-IS, FOIP, Post Office Box 618, Boyers, PA 16018-0618. You must include your full name, Social Security Number, date and place of birth, and you must sign your request.
    Q.

    What if you talk to someone who just doesn't like me and they lie about me?
    A.

    We talk to as many knowledgeable people as possible to get a balanced, accurate, and comprehensive picture of the person being investigated. Later, you may have an opportunity to refute any misleading or false information that was reported about you.
    Q.

    I was arrested for speeding once; will that keep me from getting a job or a clearance?
    A.

    Any negative information is evaluated regarding its recency, seriousness, relevance to the position and duties, and in light of, and in relationship to, all other information about you.
    Q.

    I got into some trouble 20 years ago; is that going to be held against me now?
    A.

    See our previous answer.

    Q.

    I'm physically handicapped; will that hurt my chances for a job?
    A.

    No. It is against Federal law to discriminate based on a handicapping condition.
    Q.

    Are you going to tell my boss that I'm looking for a job?
    A.

    It is a requirement of a background investigation that your current employer be contacted. We must verify your employment data and make other inquiries concerning your background. If you are a Federal employee or contractor, it may be that your current employer needs you to have a security clearance for the work you do. In other instances, generally you are asked to complete the investigative form for an investigation and clearance only after a conditional offer of employ-ment has been made for a position requiring a security clearance.
    Q.

    Who decides if I get the job or a security clearance?
    A.

    Adjudications officials at the agency requiring the investigation will evaluate your case and communicate their recommendation to the appropriate personnel or security office.
    Q.

    Is it true that the investigation will include a credit report about me?
    A.

    Yes. A search of the records of commercial credit reporting agencies is an integral part of almost all background investigations.
    Q.

    Do you ever interview someone's ex-spouse or relatives?
    A.

    Yes, although, in many instances, interviewing ex-spouses or relatives is not mandatory.
    Q.

    I graduated from high school and college many years ago; why do you need detailed information about my education?
    A.

    Someone's education is a major consideration when education or expertise in a particular discipline is a qualifications requirement for the job. In any case, we need to verify the claims you make about your background.
    Q.

    I was politically active during the last elections; will that hurt my chances for a job or a clearance?
    A.

    No. It will neither hurt nor help your chances.
    Q.

    Do I have to go to a police station to be fingerprinted?
    A.

    You may go to a police station to be fingerprinted. In most instances, however, the agency requiring the investigation and clearance will fingerprint you.
    Q.

    Doesn't the FBI conduct all Federal background investigations?
    A.

    Actually, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, the Department of Defense, and a few other agencies share this responsibility. The FBI mostly conducts investigations of high level Presidential appointees (Cabinet Officers and agency heads) and staff who may work at the White House directly for the President.
    Q.

    A lot of contractors say that you need a security clearance to apply for their jobs. How can I get a clearance in advance so I can apply for these jobs? Can I pay for it myself?
    A.

    The Office of Personnel Management has no procedure for an individual to independently apply for an investigation or security clearance. Clearances are based on investigations requested by Federal agencies, appropriate to specific positions and their duties. Until a person is offered such a position, the government will not request or pay for an investigation for a clearance. Once a person has been offered a job (contingent upon satisfactory completion of an investigation), the government will require the person to complete a Standard Form 86, Questionnaire for National Security Positions, initiate the investigation, adjudicate the results, and issue the appropriate clearance.
    We know that some Defense Department contractors require applicants to already have a clear-ance, and they have the right to administer their personnel hiring procedures the way they want as long as they don't discriminate based on prohibited factors (such as race or religion). Persons who already have clearances are those who are already employed by a government contractor (or by the government itself) and are looking for other job opportunities.
    Q.

    How long does a background investigation take?
    A.

    Because of the number of variable factors involved, there is no definitive answer to this question.
    The kind of investigation to be conducted (which, for example, can be based on the level of a security clearance needed) will depend on the reason for the investigation. Different kinds of background investigations have different requirements for the scope of the investigative coverage to be obtained.
    Some persons have more complex backgrounds than other persons and, consequently, more time is required to conduct a complete investigation.
    Sometimes, the investigative workload of the investigating agency is such that Investigators cannot work at their ordinary levels of efficiency and timeliness.

    What Determines Approval or Disapproval?


    It's important to note that DSS/OPM does not make any security clearance determinations or recommendations. DSS simply gathers information. Once the information has been verified, and the investigations completed, DSS presents the information to the specific military service's adjudicator authority (each military service has their own), who determine whether or not to grant the security clearance, using standards set by that particular military service.
    It's impossible to say if any particular thing will result in denial of a security clearance. The adjudicators use the Adjudicator Guidelines to determine whether or not the individual can be trusted with our nation's secrets. Primarily, adjudicators look for honesty, trustworthiness, character, loyalty, financial responsibility, and reliability. On cases that contain significant derogatory information warranting additional action, the adjudicator may draft a request for additional investigation/information, or request psychiatric or alcohol and drug evaluation. Even so, adjudicators are not the final authority. All denials of clearances must be personally reviewed by a branch chief, or higher.
    The adjudicator considers the following factors when evaluating an individual’s conduct:
    • The nature, extent and seriousness of the conduct
    • The circumstances surrounding the conduct, to include knowledgeable participation
    • The frequency and recency of the conduct
    • The individual’s age and maturity at the time of the conduct
    • The voluntariness of participation
    • The presence or absence of rehabilitation and other pertinent behavioral changes
    • The motivation for the conduct
    • The potential for pressure, coercion, exploitation, or duress; and
    • The likelihood of continuation of the conduct
    Naturally, each case is judged on its own merits and final determination remains the responsibility of the specific department or agency. Any doubt as to whether access to classified information is clearly consistent with national security will be resolved in favor of the national security.
    Because of a recent change in the law, there are some factors which will positively result in the denial of a clearance. As a result of the Smith Amendment, the FY01 Defense Authorization Act amended Chapter 49 of Title 10, United States Code, and precluded the initial granting or renewal of a security clearance by (DoD) under the following four specific circumstances:
    1. An individual has been convicted in any court of the U.S. of a crime and sentenced to imprisonment for a term exceeding one year.
    2. An individual is (currently) an unlawful user of, or is addicted to, a controlled substance (as defined in section 102 or the Controlled Substances Act (21U.S.C. 802))
    3. An individual is mentally incompetent, as determined by a mental health professional approved by the DoD
    4. An individual has been discharged or dismissed from the armed forces under dishonorable conditions.
    The statute also provides that the Secretary of Defense and the secretary of the military department concerned may authorize an exception to the provisions concerning convictions, dismissals and discharges from the armed force in meritorious cases.


    What items of my history are investigated?
    • Allegiance to the U.S.
    • Foreign Influence
    • Foreign preference
    • Sexual Behavior
    • Personal Conduct
    • Financial Considerations
    • Alcohol Consumption
    • Drug Involvement
    • Emotional, Mental and Personality Disorders
    • Criminal Conduct
    • Security Violations
    • Outside Activities Misuse of Information Technology Systems
    Please refer to this link if you seek specific information on the above:
    http://usmilitary.about.com/od/theor.../blsecmenu.htm

    What If my clearance is rejected?
    If you are denied a security clearance, or an assignment to a sensitive position or a position of trust, or your current clearance or access is revoked, you have the right to appeal the adjudicative decision. Under such circumstances you will be provided a statement on the reason(s) why you are ineligible for the clearance and the procedures for filing an appeal. If you believe the information gathered about you during the investigation is misleading or inaccurate, you will be given the opportunity to correct or clarify the situation.
    DOD maintains a web site which gives a pretty good overview about past Security Clearance Appeal Decisions for DOD contractor personnel.
    How long are Security Clearances valid?

    A Periodic Reinvestigation (PR) is required every 5 years for a TOP SECRET Clearance, 10 years for a SECRET Clearance, or 15 years for a CONFIDENTIAL Clearance. However, civilian and military personnel of DOD can be randomly reinvestigated before they are due for a PR.When a security clearance is inactivated (ie, when someone gets out of the military, or quits from their government civilian job or contractor job), it can be reactivated within 24 months, as long as the last background investigation falls within the above time-frame.
    For example, if a military person has a Top Secret Clearance, and gets out of the military, and applies to work for a civilian contractor, the military member's clearance can be reactivated within 24 months of getting out of the military, as long as his last Top Secret Background investigation is less than five years old.
    A security clearance is a valuable commodity outside of the military. This is because civilian companies who do classified work for DOD must bear the cost of security clearances for their employees, and clearance investigations can cost several thousands of dollars. Because of this, many DOD contractors give hiring preference to ex-military personnel with current clearances. However, you want to do your job-hunting right away, after separation. Once your clearance expires, you cannot simply request that DOD issue a new one, or conduct a Periodic Reinvestigation, simply to make your job-hunting prospects easier. To be issued a clearance, or to renew your clearance by DOD, your present duties/assignment, or pending duties/assignment must require such access.

    If you could sticky this for future POOLEES/Recruits that would be great,Thanks


  2. #2

    info

    Many people have unclean backgrounds, nobody's perfect. Many people wonder if their background would lead to a clearance denial. Here is some good reading.

    http://www.dod.mil/dodgc/doha/industrial/

    http://www.clearancejobsblog.com/

    http://www.afsa.org/state/dsbackground.cfm



  3. #3

    thanks guys

    thanks i really appreciate this post....i have been stressing about mine. I'm lucky to record that is completely clean save for one speeding ticket, but I also missed a payment on my credit card once when I was in college so I am stressing about it. But F*ck it I guess whatever happens will be alright ill just be happy if I make it through Boot.


  4. #4
    I forgot to ask if you guys could vote to sticky this so future poolees would have this and not fill up the board with security clearance questions


  5. #5
    subscribed!


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