Marines Lighter Loads

[thedrifter]

Marines Lighter Loads

In this Wednesday, Feb. 4, 2009 picture, the U.S. Army’s Improved Outer Tachtical Vests (IOTV) are displayed by Army First Sgt. Patrick Schrader, left, and Staff Sgt. Fred Rowe, during a House Armed Services Committee joint hearing on Army and Marine Corps force protection programs, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Heavy layers of body armor, a proven lifesaver of U.S. troops, also may be an impediment to winning the fight in Afghanistan where 17,000 additional American forces are being sent to quell rising violence.

Ellie

[thedrifter]

3-star: Too much armor robs Marines of speed
By Richard Lardner - The Associated Press
Posted : Tuesday Mar 10, 2009 15:56:15 EDT

WASHINGTON — Using heavy layers of armor to keep troops safe from bullets and bombs is making the Marine Corps too slow on a battlefield where speed and mobility are critical, a senior military leader said Tuesday.

With 8,000 Marines about to be sent to Afghanistan to quell rising violence, Lt. Gen. George Flynn cautioned members of Congress against wrapping them in so much protective gear they can’t hunt down more agile insurgents who use the country’s rugged peaks and valleys to their advantage.

“The bottom line is that the focus on armor as the principal means of protecting our force is making us too heavy,” said Flynn, deputy commandant of the Marine Corps for combat development and integration, during a hearing held by the House Appropriations defense subcommittee.

The weight of personal body armor and steel-encased vehicles limits the speed and maneuverability that make the Marine Corps “more effective and deadly to the enemy,” he said.

Body armor has been a proven lifesaver of U.S. troops. But the vests weigh as much as 34 pounds each. When body armor is added to the assault rifles, ammunition, water and other essential gear troops are required to carry, they can be lugging as much as 80 pounds into combat. Besides moving more slowly, overburdened troops tire more quickly and are prone to orthopedic injuries that can take them out of action, officials say.

Convincing a war-weary public of a less-is-more approach won’t be easy, they say. If a commander decides the gear shouldn’t be used for a particular mission and a service member is killed, there could be a backlash, said Jean Malone, deputy director of experiment plans at the Marine Corps Warfighting Lab in Quantico, Va.

“We’ve got to have the internal fortitude to come back and say: ’We have the data. We made the right decision. We can’t guarantee you that nobody will die in this war,”’ he said.

Paring down the amount of armor could actually make troops safer on the battlefield, officials say. Speed and maneuverability give them the best chance of killing or capturing the Taliban and other militants before they can set roadside bombs or get in position for an ambush.

“Being able to maneuver and fight and chase down a fleeing enemy; that’s actually where your protection is (versus) armoring up and being more static,” said Brig. Gen. Tim Hanifen, deputy commanding general of the Marine Corps Combat Development Command at Quantico.

The loads carried by modern American troops are equivalent to those “the medieval knight wore into and out of battle back in the year 1000 until about the 16th century,” he said.

Bomb-resistant vehicles that are light and nimble enough to handle Afghanistan’s primitive roads are also needed, Flynn told the defense subcommittee. He outlined plans to buy an all-terrain vehicle strong enough to blunt improvised explosive devices and still have the mobility of a Humvee.

The defense subcommittee is holding oversight hearings Wednesday and Thursday on force-protection programs, readiness levels, and ergonomic injuries. Senior Marine Corps and Army leaders are scheduled to testify.

As troop levels are surging in Afghanistan, so are roadside bomb attacks, according to the Pentagon’s Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization.

In January and February, 52 IED attacks in Afghanistan killed 32 coalition troops and wounded 96 more, according to preliminary figures from the organization. During the same two months in 2008, 21 IED attacks killed 10 troops and wounded 39.

Body armor has become a focus of Marine Corps efforts to lighten troop loads because it weighs so much more than the other gear. The standard kit consists of hardened composite plates inserted into a ballistic vest. The vest and plates protect the upper body from armor-piercing bullets and shrapnel.

Personal armor made of substantially lighter composite materials that are more effective than current models won’t be available for several years. So the Marine Corps is looking for near-term solutions.

The Marine Corps is buying 65,000 vests called “scalable plate carriers” that weigh under 20 pounds. The carrier, which uses the same plates as the standard vest, doesn’t cover as much of the torso. About 14,000 of the plate carriers have been fielded and the feedback has been positive, according to Marine Corps officials.

Ellie

[thedrifter]

Soldier stress injuries rising due to combat loads
By RICHARD LARDNER, Associated Press Writer
Wed Mar 11, 3:18 pm ET

WASHINGTON – An increasing number of soldiers are being sidelined with muscle and bone injuries caused by carrying combat loads weighing as much as 130 pounds, a senior Army official said Wednesday.

Research is being done to determine how many troops are affected by weight-related stress fractures, sprains and other orthopedic problems that prevent them from shipping out with their units, said Gen. Peter Chiarelli, the Army's vice chief of staff.

The numbers are likely to keep going up as more soldiers are sent to Afghanistan, where the terrain, elevation and road conditions are much more challenging than in Iraq, Chiarelli said during a hearing by the House appropriations defense subcommittee.

The wear-and-tear injuries have not affected the Army's ability to field effective combat units, he said. But Chiarelli and other service officials want to reverse the trend by lightening the load troops carry.

That means buying less heavy and more comfortable body armor, lighter weapons and ammunition, and unmanned vehicles that can carry supplies into combat zones.

While soldiers and Marines lug about the same amount of gear, Army troops appear to be suffering more musculoskeletal injuries than Marines. Chiarelli said the difference is likely due to the Army's longer deployment times. Tours of duty for soldiers are typically 12 to 15 months; Marines usually deploy for about seven.

Another factor is poor aerobic fitness. Army recruits, even those who appear to be in peak physical condition, get stress fractures and other injuries during basic combat training because their bones are not ready for the demands of running and jumping, Chiarelli said.

Since 2006, the number of soldiers unable to deploy has increased between 2,000 and 3,000, he said. Overall, the Army has 20,000 so-called "non-deployables."

Roughly half were wounded in combat or have serious medical conditions. The other half have less serious injuries and includes those with physical problems caused by hauling heavy loads.

"When you start to see more of these injuries, you want to attack what you need to (and) get rid of them," Chiarelli said. "Every non-deployable soldier we have is an issue for us."

While the Marine Corps isn't seeing as many injuries caused by heavy loads, service officials are still concerned over the amount of weight troops carry. The more weight they carry, the less able they are to chase down a fast-moving enemy.

Gen. James Amos, assistant commandant of the Marine Corps, who also testified before the subcommittee, said a standard Marine infantryman has about 90 pounds of gear on him.

Amos cited an extreme case where a mortarman lugged 142 pounds of equipment.

The rule of thumb is ground troops should never carry more than 50 percent of their body weight, he said.

"This has been a problem for infantrymen that goes all the way back to the days of Alexander the Great," Amos said. "It's something we're struggling with."

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On the Net:

U.S. Army: http://www.army.mil/

U.S. Marine Corps: http://www.marines.mil/Pages/Default.aspx

Ellie