wrbones
03-16-03, 04:02 PM
Remarks of Professor Donald Kagan, November 4, 2001
On September 11, members of an international terrorist movement attacked two American cities, killing thousands of innocent American civilians and citizens of many other nations, and causing the destruction of billions of dollars in property. When they had recovered from the shock, most Americans reacted in the same two ways. They powerfully and unequivocally supported their government's determination to use military force to prevent future attacks by capturing or killing the perpetrators, tearing up their organizations root and branch, and removing the leaderships of states that gave refuge to these people. They also expressed a new unity, an explicit patriotism and love of country not seen among us for a very long time.
That is not what we have seen and heard from the faculty here at Yale or, apparently, on most elite campuses in the United States—and certainly not from the majority of people designated as "intellectuals" who have spoken up in public. Their first concern has been to discuss the motives of the attackers, which are always seen as deep-rooted, underlying, and understandable when viewed with the required sympathy. We need, they say, "to reflect on the deeper causes of this conflict with bin Laden." They have urged us to consider the killers' anger and resentment, provoked by their poverty in a world dominated by American wealth, by their understandable hatred of American power and influence throughout the world, by their appropriate dismay at the alleged errors or wickedness of American policies, whether political, economic, military, or environmental. At Yale we have been told that we must seek the "underlying causes" of these attacks; that "it is from the desperate, angry, and bereaved that these suicide pilots came;" that "offensive cultural messages" spread by the United States understandably provoke hatred, as they would in us if the roles were reversed.
These academics and intellectuals offer any and all explanations, so long as the explanation indicates that the attackers are really the victims, that the responsibility for September 11 really rests with the United States. What is most striking about these statements is their arrogance. They suggest that the enlightened commentator can penetrate the souls of the attackers and know their deepest motives. Strangely enough, their conclusions square with their own prejudices.
A far better guide might be the actual statements of the perpetrators, who have not been reluctant to reveal their motives. In February, 1998, bin Laden published his declaration of a holy war against America in which he said, "To kill Americans and their allies, both civil and military, is an individual duty of every Muslim who is able." His particular complaints included what he called the American "occupation" of Saudi Arabia, America's economic sanctions against the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein, and America's support of Israel, among other things. In countless statements, he and other terrorists have made it clear that the U.S. is "the great Satan," the enemy of all they hold dear. And what these terrorists hold dear includes the establishment of an extreme and reactionary Muslim fundamentalism in all currently Muslim lands, at least—which is a considerable portion of the globe. Such a regime would impose a totalitarian theocracy that would subjugate the mass of the people, especially women. They hate the U.S. not only because its power stands in the way of achieving their vision, but because our free, open, democratic, tolerant, liberal, and prosperous society is a powerful competitor for the allegiance of millions of Muslims around the world. No change of American policy, no retreat from the world, no repentance for past deeds or increase of national modesty can change these things. Only the destruction of America and its way of life will do, and Osama bin Laden makes no bones about this. In a videotaped statement after the attacks on New York and Washington he said:
Here is America struck by God Almighty in one of its vital organs, so that its greatest buildings are destroyed, grace and gratitude to God. America has been filled with horror from north to south and east to west, and thanks be to God.
God has blessed a group of vanguard Muslims, the forefront of Islam, to destroy America. May God bless them and allot them a supreme place in heaven....
As to America, I say to it and its people a few words: I swear to God that America will not live in peace before peace reigns in Palestine, and before all the army of infidels depart the land of Muhammad, peace be upon him.
I think this statement of the attackers' motives and intentions is more reliable than the guesses and explanations of American intellectuals, laden as they are with their own agendas. Yet here at Yale, and elsewhere, we hear calls for "prayerful reflection...and repentance on our part," and we are urged to ask "whether we really have to be such a Colossus, so engaged across the globe, and so sure that we have the best system and the best answers in this complicated...world of ours." One need not be a Western chauvinist to believe that most people around the world, Muslims included, would prefer our "system" and our "answers" to bin Laden's, if the choice were open to them. But most Muslims live under despotisms, and the choice is not open to them. Make no mistake about it: we are at war, a war waged against us by angry and determined men who will not let us escape, a war that will be more difficult and longer than most of us understand. If America is defeated in this war or driven to a cowering withdrawal into isolationism, liberty's brightest light will go out, and a terrible darkness will descend on the whole world.
We must face the fact that Americans and our friends around the world are in great danger from people who make it plain that they are determined to kill us, to destroy our country and our way of life. Betraying our friends, retreating from the world, expressing our guilt, our shame, our repentance for anything and everything they claim we have done, will neither appease nor deter them. It is our very existence that arouses their hatred. We seek not vengeance but only safety—and the establishment of an order in the world that is secure against wanton violence and that allows people freely to choose the way of life that pleases them.
Even if the U.S. were not the prime target of this holy war against modern civilization, America would need to take a leading role in defeating it, for America has been a beacon of liberty to the world since its creation, and especially in the twentieth century. The attacks on America have produced a wave of vilifications from intellectuals here and abroad, but I think it useful to quote an Englishman writing in the London Sunday Times who has a different view: "Let us ponder exactly what the Americans did in that most awful of all centuries, the 20th. They saved Europe from barbarism in two world wars. After the Second World War they rebuilt the continent from the ashes. They confronted and peacefully defeated Soviet communism, the most murderous system ever devised by man.... America, primarily, ejected Iraq from Kuwait and stopped the slaughter in the Balkans while the Europeans dithered...."
continued
On September 11, members of an international terrorist movement attacked two American cities, killing thousands of innocent American civilians and citizens of many other nations, and causing the destruction of billions of dollars in property. When they had recovered from the shock, most Americans reacted in the same two ways. They powerfully and unequivocally supported their government's determination to use military force to prevent future attacks by capturing or killing the perpetrators, tearing up their organizations root and branch, and removing the leaderships of states that gave refuge to these people. They also expressed a new unity, an explicit patriotism and love of country not seen among us for a very long time.
That is not what we have seen and heard from the faculty here at Yale or, apparently, on most elite campuses in the United States—and certainly not from the majority of people designated as "intellectuals" who have spoken up in public. Their first concern has been to discuss the motives of the attackers, which are always seen as deep-rooted, underlying, and understandable when viewed with the required sympathy. We need, they say, "to reflect on the deeper causes of this conflict with bin Laden." They have urged us to consider the killers' anger and resentment, provoked by their poverty in a world dominated by American wealth, by their understandable hatred of American power and influence throughout the world, by their appropriate dismay at the alleged errors or wickedness of American policies, whether political, economic, military, or environmental. At Yale we have been told that we must seek the "underlying causes" of these attacks; that "it is from the desperate, angry, and bereaved that these suicide pilots came;" that "offensive cultural messages" spread by the United States understandably provoke hatred, as they would in us if the roles were reversed.
These academics and intellectuals offer any and all explanations, so long as the explanation indicates that the attackers are really the victims, that the responsibility for September 11 really rests with the United States. What is most striking about these statements is their arrogance. They suggest that the enlightened commentator can penetrate the souls of the attackers and know their deepest motives. Strangely enough, their conclusions square with their own prejudices.
A far better guide might be the actual statements of the perpetrators, who have not been reluctant to reveal their motives. In February, 1998, bin Laden published his declaration of a holy war against America in which he said, "To kill Americans and their allies, both civil and military, is an individual duty of every Muslim who is able." His particular complaints included what he called the American "occupation" of Saudi Arabia, America's economic sanctions against the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein, and America's support of Israel, among other things. In countless statements, he and other terrorists have made it clear that the U.S. is "the great Satan," the enemy of all they hold dear. And what these terrorists hold dear includes the establishment of an extreme and reactionary Muslim fundamentalism in all currently Muslim lands, at least—which is a considerable portion of the globe. Such a regime would impose a totalitarian theocracy that would subjugate the mass of the people, especially women. They hate the U.S. not only because its power stands in the way of achieving their vision, but because our free, open, democratic, tolerant, liberal, and prosperous society is a powerful competitor for the allegiance of millions of Muslims around the world. No change of American policy, no retreat from the world, no repentance for past deeds or increase of national modesty can change these things. Only the destruction of America and its way of life will do, and Osama bin Laden makes no bones about this. In a videotaped statement after the attacks on New York and Washington he said:
Here is America struck by God Almighty in one of its vital organs, so that its greatest buildings are destroyed, grace and gratitude to God. America has been filled with horror from north to south and east to west, and thanks be to God.
God has blessed a group of vanguard Muslims, the forefront of Islam, to destroy America. May God bless them and allot them a supreme place in heaven....
As to America, I say to it and its people a few words: I swear to God that America will not live in peace before peace reigns in Palestine, and before all the army of infidels depart the land of Muhammad, peace be upon him.
I think this statement of the attackers' motives and intentions is more reliable than the guesses and explanations of American intellectuals, laden as they are with their own agendas. Yet here at Yale, and elsewhere, we hear calls for "prayerful reflection...and repentance on our part," and we are urged to ask "whether we really have to be such a Colossus, so engaged across the globe, and so sure that we have the best system and the best answers in this complicated...world of ours." One need not be a Western chauvinist to believe that most people around the world, Muslims included, would prefer our "system" and our "answers" to bin Laden's, if the choice were open to them. But most Muslims live under despotisms, and the choice is not open to them. Make no mistake about it: we are at war, a war waged against us by angry and determined men who will not let us escape, a war that will be more difficult and longer than most of us understand. If America is defeated in this war or driven to a cowering withdrawal into isolationism, liberty's brightest light will go out, and a terrible darkness will descend on the whole world.
We must face the fact that Americans and our friends around the world are in great danger from people who make it plain that they are determined to kill us, to destroy our country and our way of life. Betraying our friends, retreating from the world, expressing our guilt, our shame, our repentance for anything and everything they claim we have done, will neither appease nor deter them. It is our very existence that arouses their hatred. We seek not vengeance but only safety—and the establishment of an order in the world that is secure against wanton violence and that allows people freely to choose the way of life that pleases them.
Even if the U.S. were not the prime target of this holy war against modern civilization, America would need to take a leading role in defeating it, for America has been a beacon of liberty to the world since its creation, and especially in the twentieth century. The attacks on America have produced a wave of vilifications from intellectuals here and abroad, but I think it useful to quote an Englishman writing in the London Sunday Times who has a different view: "Let us ponder exactly what the Americans did in that most awful of all centuries, the 20th. They saved Europe from barbarism in two world wars. After the Second World War they rebuilt the continent from the ashes. They confronted and peacefully defeated Soviet communism, the most murderous system ever devised by man.... America, primarily, ejected Iraq from Kuwait and stopped the slaughter in the Balkans while the Europeans dithered...."
continued