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thedrifter
01-30-07, 08:17 AM
Rifle realism
Table 2 score to count for more
By Christian Lowe - Staff writer
Posted : February 05, 2007

They brought it on in ’05 to put reality back into the rifle qualification. And from Day 1, it’s been a big hit with most Marines.

With shorter shooting distances, movement, different stances and a full combat load, the new Marine Corps Combat Marksmanship Program’s shooting tables are more representative of the kind of gunplay grunts, clerks, drivers and gate guards are likely to encounter in insurgent-infested Iraq.

And it’s going to get even more serious.

Starting Oct. 1, a leatherneck’s rifle qualification score will be determined using his known-distance range performance and the field firing stats from the more realistic Table 2 — which includes firing at multiple targets at short ranges wearing combat gear. Previously, a Marine’s score was based on the known-distance range; the more-realistic Table 2 results were pass/fail.

“Table” is the term marksmanship experts use to describe the steps needed to complete evaluation of certain shooting skills.

“Marines should be capable of producing a score to a certain skill level through basic combat shooting skills, and that should be part of their [qualification] score also,” said Chief Warrant Officer 5 Daniel Luke, the Corps’ top range officer.

“If we consider a Marine to be qualified now with his weapon system, he should not only be evaluated, but that evaluation should be part of the qualification process.”

In addition, marksmanship gurus are working to make a Marine’s performance on Table 3 shooting — unit-scheduled firing using night optics and tests of technical shooting skills, such as pivots and head shots, that every Marine must complete yearly — more significant by reporting the results up the Marine’s chain of command. If you don’t do well, your commanding officer will know about it, and it will mean spending time on remedial training.

“The skills in Table 3 will also be evaluated,” Luke said. “Right now, it’s set up so the score is reported locally to the commander who is conducting the training. That gives him exactly what he needs to know about how well his unit is capable of performing with the technology, and it also tells him where he’s strong and where he’s weak.”

Eventually, Luke plans to make Table 3 results part of each Marine’s basic training record, which would put the scores in front of even more commanders up the chain.

These latest details on changes to the annual rifle qualification come more than one year after the Corps implemented tougher standards and new tests meant to make rifle training more representative of combat. The Corps’ range officers and other marksmanship experts convened in late September in Quantico, Va., to discuss changes to the shooting qualification programs and to make sure the new plan was working out.

“When we developed the program this quickly, we decided we would need an early review of statistics and how well the training was delivering a product we were looking for,” Luke said.

It’s about the score

The range officers and gunners who met in September came up with a few minor tweaks to the qualification program, but the big enchilada is the inclusion of Table 2 shots in the qualification score.

Until now, Table 2 affected a Marine’s score only by reducing it automatically to 190 — the minimum passing rifle score — if the Marine failed the Table 2 shooting tests, where shooters must, for example, drop to a knee from a standing position during firing while shooting controlled pairs and head shots at 25 yards.

If you failed this portion of the rifle qual week, it sure looked bad and it dropped your known-distance Table 1 score, but that was it. Now, though, when marksmanship officials get their way, every shot will count — and not just for bragging rights.

Range officers are in the midst of developing a scoring system and implementation plan for the new qualification standards. In the current setup, the scores for Table 2 shooting are compiled as a percentage of hits on a target to determine if a Marine passed or failed. But marksmanship officials want a more precise scoring system that’ll give points.

“We have to write the changes into our lesson plans, our training package and our course of fire,” Luke said. “Then, we have to develop an implementation plan for these changes.”

Marksmanship experts are finishing the qualification changes, which could mean the new scheme will be put in place sooner rather than later.

The range officers also decided to change a few of the skills taught and tested during Tables 1 and 2. First, marksmanship officials have moved the magazine exchange instruction taught during the known-distance firing days to the field-firing portion. Since you’re going to get tested on the magazine exchange — tactical and speed reloads — during Table 2, experts figured it made more sense to teach those skills then.

The range officers also opted to keep so-called “hammer pairs” out of Table 2 and push them to the more advanced, unit-directed Table 3 evaluations. Instead, Table 2 will cover “controlled pair” shooting in which a Marine will sight in on his target, fire once, sight in again and fire one more round instead of firing a “hammer pair” of two rounds per sight picture.

More realistic

Although range officers are still working on their scoring plan for Table 2 and how the two tables’ scores will combine for an overall rifle qual, they have some idea of how the system will work.

During the field-firing portion, Marines will have to wear their minimum combat gear, including helmet, body armor, Corps-issued “magazine retention devices” or mag pouches and three-point slings. Leathernecks will fire the weapon they would be issued in combat, including the M4, M16A2 and M16A4, or their M16 with M203 grenade launcher attached. No specialized rifles, such as the match-barreled Designated Marksman Rifle, will be allowed.

Unlike the Table 1 firing on the known distance range, where Marines are required to fire from 200, 300 and 500 yards in slow progression, Table 2 tests Marines’ shooting ability at ranges between 25 and 100 yards.

The Table 2 qualification will be scored out of 100 points, with anywhere from a 50 to 62 as a minimum passing score, depending on what the range officers and gunners agree to. The targets will have a 10-inch diameter circle indicating the “center mass” of a potential enemy, marked in brighter colors to make it more obvious than previous targets.

“We want them to see where we want them to hit,” Luke explained.

Shots inside the ring will be scored two points each; shots outside the circle but on the target will count as one point. Scores from Tables 1 and 2 will be combined to determine a Marine’s yearly rifle qualification.

Whereas the field-firing days may once have been a fun way to cap off a week of qualification — an event only about 2 percent of Marines tested fail — now it’s for real.

The best thing you can do to prepare is to take your pre-qualification training seriously, arrange your gear properly so it doesn’t inhibit your accuracy and practice.

“The training program was a windfall. It wasn’t just embraced, the Marines loved it,” Luke said of the new combat marksmanship program. “They not only loved the training, but they appreciate what they get out of the training.”

Ellie

thedrifter
01-30-07, 08:18 AM
Arms competition gets shot in the arm

By Christian Lowe - Staff writer
Posted : February 05, 2007

Sure, every Marine is a rifleman, but some are better than others. And as competitive as leathernecks are, unit leaders like to stack up their shooters against others to earn some bragging rights.

You win, you get to wear a medal on your uniform that tells Marines the blood of Wild Bill Hickok must be coursing through your veins.

But shooting experts in the Corps and the service’s gunner community have grown frustrated with the Marine Competition in Arms Program, which sees four-man teams from various units compete yearly in rifle and pistol sharpshooting. Attendance has dropped, and the competition has stagnated to such an extent that unit commanders have been wondering if it is worth giving up their best shooters and officers for three weeks of division matches each year.

“The real problem is the general understanding of what the competition in arms is and what it can do for me, what do I get out of this,” said Chief Warrant Officer 5 Daniel Luke, the Corps’ top range officer.

“Over the last decade, we saw a sharp decline in participation. For quite some time, there were a lot of us who said we need to take a hard look at what we’re doing with our competition.”

So leave it to the Corps’ shooting experts and top gun enthusiasts to mix things up a bit.

Starting in February, when the first of four regional shooting competitions will take place on Okinawa, Japan, it’s no longer business as usual. No more shooting jackets, leather slings and comfortable shooting stools on the known-distance range. And forget about slowly squeezing off a few 9mm rounds from your strong hand in a standing position during the pistol shoot.

Competitors will now have to be a lot more skilled in tactical shooting. Teams will be required to wear the minimum combat gear during both the rifle and pistol qualification, including helmet, body armor, three-point sling and magazine pouches. And all gear must be unit- or Corps-issued — so no customization.

One of the biggest changes will come during the rifle portion of the competition. Instead of starting from close in and moving out to the 500-yard line in a slow, managed progression, competitors will be required to begin firing from the 500-yard marker and move closer, firing their last six shots at the 50-yard line, both standing and kneeling, targeting two in the center mass, one in the head.

“This is how Marines are actually engaging in combat now, they start from 500 yards out,” Luke said, a sly grin spreading across his face as he contemplated the effect the competition changes would have on Marine sharpshooters.

“They’re not going to start at 50 [yards] and run away. You’re going to start at 500, and you’re going to run to it.”

‘Pistolero’-style

The pistol qualification is going to throw would-be champions for a loop as well. Get ready to sling lead downrange “pistolero”-style.

Gone are the days of one-handed shooting on your strong side in a standing position. Now, it’s shooting every target from a holster wearing combat gear, two tactical reloads, two speed reloads, kneeling, double taps and two-handed shooting. Targets will be from 25 yards in to seven.

“The people that are really good shots are going to be good shots just through discipline. Those who � are very good basic combat shooters are [also] going to do well in this,” Luke said. “Evening the playing field is what we’ve done.”

However, at least one Marine thinks the competition is going down the wrong road. Staff Sgt. John Godwin of Weapons Training Battalion at Quantico, Va., said the event should continue its focus on fundamentals.

Godwin, a competitive team shooter, says it’s the Corps’ emphasis on fundamentals that has distinguished its teams in international marksmanship matches. “We’ve proven over and over that if you know the fundamentals, combat shooting is easy,” he said.

Then, there’s nostalgia for the good old days. The fundamentals-based division match structure has been a staple in the Corps since the early 1900s, Godwin added.

“I don’t disagree with having combat training,” he said. “I do disagree with replacing [the program] with the new course.”

However, Luke said the new competition structure isn’t a move away from fundamentals, but instead is a natural progression in Corps weapons training.

The Corps rewrote its marksmanship program in October 2005. “Now that we’ve done that, the next step would be to add the competition piece to the training continuum,” Luke said. “What we’ve done very well in the past is to train and compete with the fundamentals. Now what we’ve done is developed a training program to compete not only with the fundamentals, but also combat marksmanship.”

Range officials also rejiggered the required makeup of each division shooting team. In the past, the four-man teams consisted of one officer, two staff sergeants or above — which could include officers — and one so-called “tyro,” a sergeant or below who had never shot in competition.

But some units weren’t able to fulfill the officer requirement due to wartime workup needs and collateral duties, so participation in the division matches ebbed. About 15 years ago, there were more than 350 competitors in the division matches. In recent years, fewer than 140 typically show up to shoot, Luke said.

Range officials have waived the officer requirement, stipulating only that at least one team member be a staff noncommissioned officer and one a tyro; the other two can be whomever the unit decides to send.

Luke and his fellow marksmanship gurus hope these changes will boost numbers in the competition and send highly skilled shooters back to their units ready to help junior Marines hit their marks.

“The division match courses of fire have been very good courses of fire that test the fundamentals,” Luke said. “We’ve decided we need to kick that up a notch.”

Staff writer Kimberly Johnson contributed to this report.

Ellie