Acts of valor and the changes in warfare

[thedrifter]

Acts of valor and the changes in warfare
Monday, December 11, 2006

MILITARY UPDATETom Philpott

The changed nature of war -- not command indifference or bureaucratic inertia as some critics allege -- is likely the reason why only two Medals of Honor have been awarded to U.S. forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, a senior Marine Corps officer told lawmakers last week.

With remotely detonated bombs the enemy's weapon of choice, opportunities for U.S. service members to earn awards for heroism have fallen compared to past wars, said Brig. Gen. Richard P. Mills, director of the personnel management division at Marine Corps headquarters.

Another reason, Mills suggested, is reliance by U.S. forces on their own stand-off weapons of smart bombs and missiles to destroy the enemy with less risk of American casualties.

"That improves the force protection and safety of our troops during the attacking process," Mills said. "But it limits the opportunities to close with and engage the enemy face to face and perhaps limits the opportunity for individual recognition and awards."

Mills spoke on Wednesday before the House Armed Services personnel subcommittee, along with the personnel chiefs of the Army, Navy and Air Force, to answer complaints that the services are too rigid in awarding the nation's highest valor award, the Medal of Honor, and are perhaps inconsistent in recognizing extraordinary acts of bravery.

The charges, strongly denied by the personnel chiefs, were leveled by a pair of combat veterans from past wars.

Rep. John McHugh, R-N.Y., subcommittee chairman, acknowledged that the Department of Defense began its own comprehensive review of military awards in September with a report due next June. Still, McHugh called for this unusual end-of-session hearing with the service personnel chiefs to raise "issues and concerns ... regarding valor awards."

On the first panel was Joseph A. Kinney, a former Marine badly wounded in Vietnam, who while researching a book about U.S. war heroes, came to see a disparity in the number of valor awards going to veterans of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Kinney said 240 members were awarded the Medal of Honor for actions in Vietnam, 179 of them posthumously. That represented one for every 324 Americans killed in that war.

Through Nov. 30, he said, 3,231 U.S. service members had died in Iraq and Afghanistan but only two were awarded Medals of Honor, Army Sgt. 1st Class Paul Ray Smith and Marine Cpl. Jason Dunham.

"This equates to one posthumous Medal of Honor for each 1,616 dead. A member of the military killed in Vietnam was five times more likely to receive a Medal of Honor than one in the war on terror," Kinney said.

Kinney also blasted the speed with which valor medals are awarded. During the battle for Iwo Jima in World War II, 22 Marines and five sailors were awarded the Medal of Honor, he said, "most within a month."

By contrast, Smith's family waited two years to receive his Medal of Honor and the Marine Corps took almost 2 1/2 years to approve Dunham's medal. Kinney said 30 to 90 days would have been more appropriate and would have better supported the war effort by raising the public profile of the war's most esteemed heroes, Kinney said.

He suggested that nothing useful is learned about a hero's actions after the first week of interviewing witnesses and taking statements. The process only gets bogged down in levels of command and bureaucracy, he suggested. "Is there something in our culture that paralyzes recognizing our greatest warriors? Are we afraid to honor the best among us?" he asked.

Also testifying was Gerald Jonas, a Marine from the Korean War who writes for a small Pennsylvania newspaper. His beef with Medal of Honor awards is inconsistency. He cited incidents of past wars only to make that point. In March 1970, he said, two Marines in the same regiment on the same day fell on grenades to save the lives of fellow Marines. Both were badly injured. One was awarded the Medal of Honor. The other, Lance Cpl. Richard Gresko, was nominated for that highest award but received the Navy Cross instead. Gresko attended the hearing and, at the urging of lawmakers, stood to be recognized and applauded.

The personnel chiefs vehemently defended service criteria and processes for making awards. All of them said their services were striving to speed up the process. But Mills said accuracy would not be sacrificed to speed, especially with the Medal of Honor.

To comment on this column, e-mail milupdate@aol.com or write to Military Update, P.O. Box 231111, Centreville, VA, 20120-1111



Ellie

[yellowwing]

"But it limits the opportunities to close with and engage the enemy face to face and perhaps limits the opportunity for individual recognition and awards."
'House of Hell' survivor awarded Navy Cross
July 28, 2006; Submitted on: 07/28/2006 07:45:51 PM ; Story ID#: 2006728194551 (http://www.usmc.mil/marinelink/mcn2000.nsf/main5/E14A81AE53FB60EF852571B900828A6A?opendocument)

By Gunnery Sgt. Keith A. Milks, MCB Camp Pendleton

CAMP PENDLETON, Calif. (July 28, 2006) -- His desert utilities shredded by shrapnel and streaked with his own blood and that of his fellow Marines, Cpl. Robert J. Mitchell Jr. limped out of the cement block house in downtown Fallujah, Iraq, and into the annals of Marine Corps history.

The day was Nov. 13, 2004, and according to the Marine Corps’ official account of the fierce, close quarters battle, Mitchell ignored his own wounds and repeatedly braved enemy fire to administer first aid to and evacuate other Marines wounded in the fight.

Nearly two years after that fateful day, in a solemn ceremony at Camp Pendleton, Calif., Mitchell received the Navy Cross from Lt. Gen. John F. Sattler, commander of the I Marine Expeditionary Force. The Navy Cross is the nation’s second-highest award for battlefield heroism.

“This is a truly special occasion,” said Sattler, addressing the assembled Marines and guests after presenting the award. “Valor comes in a scale, and all the Marines, Sailors, and veterans here today know how rare of an occasion this is.”

As a cool, dry wind snapped the flags around the parade deck, Mitchell choked back tears as he thanked God, his family, and his fellow Marines for their support and attending the ceremony.

Mitchell joined the Marine Corps in early 2001, and was on his second tour in Iraq with the 1st Marine Division when Coalition forces launched a joint U.S.-Iraqi offensive to reclaim Fallujah from insurgents who had fortified the city.

Dubbed Operation Al Fajr (aka Phantom Fury), the assault on Fallujah kicked off on Nov. 8, 2004, and quickly turned into a bloody, street-by-street contest with then-Corporal Mitchell and his fellow Marines in Kilo Company, 3rd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, in the thick of the fighting.

Day by day, Mitchell and his squad pushed through the city, methodically clearing pockets of enemy resistance as they progressed. During an assault against an insurgent strong point on Nov. 12, Mitchell was shot through the right tricep, but ignored the wound to help destroy the fortified position, and later refused medical evacuation to remain with his squad.

The next day, an assault against a squat, cement house had gone horribly wrong and several wounded Marines lay trapped inside with several well-fortified insurgents waiting in ambush positions. Mitchell’s squad got the call to come and assist.

“When the call came, we knew we had to get them out,” said Mitchell. “That became the mission – the only mission.”

Once on the scene, the Iowa native quickly established a casualty collection point and organized his men to assault the building. Then-1st Sgt. Bradley A. Kasal, the senior enlisted Marine from another company, joined Mitchell’s squad, and together, they charged the building and took up firing positions.

The first floor of the house was littered with dead or dying insurgents, and the wounded Marines lay further inside. Other enemy fighters were in fortified positions on the roof looking down through a skylight, creating a kill zone between Mitchell and the wounded Marines.

Covered by suppressive fire, Mitchell raced through the kill zone toward the wounded Marines as the rooftop insurgents showered the room below with rifle fire and grenades. Shrapnel from one of the grenades peppered the back of Mitchell’s legs, but he made it to the stranded, wounded Marines.

“It was great to see him come in,” said Cpl. Jose Sanchez, an infantryman from Houston, Texas. “Until he got there I was switching between treating Carlisle [Lance Cpl. Cory] and providing security. When Corporal Mitchell came in, he took over the medical treatment and I could focus on firing at the insurgents.”

A trained combat lifesaver, Mitchell went to work on Carlisle’s bullet-mangled leg. With his medical supplies running out, he once again orchestrated suppression of the insurgents on the roof to allow a corpsman and another Marine to sprint through the kill zone.

By this time, both Kasal and another Marine, Pfc. Class Alex Nicoll, had been seriously wounded by rifle fire and grenades, and were holed up inside a small room across the kill zone Mitchell had crossed only moments before.

Leaving the wounded Marines in the care of the corpsman, Mitchell once again braved the kill zone, and like before, the insurgents sprayed the short, treacherous path with bullets and grenades. One bullet smashed into Mitchell’s M-16A4 assault rifle, shattering the weapon before ricocheting down and into his right leg. More shrapnel slashed Mitchell’s legs and face, yet he remained on his feet and made it to Kasal and Nicoll, who was Mitchell’s former roommate and longtime friend.

Bleeding profusely, but apparently unmindful of his wounds, Mitchell began treating the others, applying bandages and direct pressure in an attempt to staunch the wounded Marines’ blood loss. In the midst of his life-saving efforts, Mitchell scanned the room and saw a wounded insurgent, shot earlier by Kasal, make a move for a weapon laying nearby.

Mitchell quickly drew his combat knife and lunged forward, driving the weapon into the insurgent, eliminating the threat for good before turning his attention back to Kasal and Nicoll. With Marines scattered throughout the small house and the insurgents still firmly entrenched on the roof and a nearby stairwell denying access to any additional forces, the situation was quickly deteriorating.

Through a small, barred window in the room, Mitchell explained to Marines outside the layout of the house and where Marines were located throughout the structure. With this information, the Marines were able to suppress the insurgents on the roof via firing positions on adjacent structures, and one-by-one, extract the wounded Marines from the building which has since been dubbed the “House of Hell.”

The photograph of a bloody Kasal, now a sergeant major and himself a Navy Cross recipient, being helped from the house by two Marines is one of the more resonant images of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Despite his own severe wounds, Mitchell was among the last to leave the house, and did so assisting another wounded Marine. Demolition charges were quickly flung into the house, and the resulting explosion caused the building to collapse, killing the diehard insurgents.

While other casualties from the short, yet intense, fight were loaded onto vehicles and driven to a nearby aid station, Mitchell gathered the remnants of his squad and led them back to the Kilo Company headquarters where he finally received treatment for his wounds.

Less than two weeks later, Mitchell was on his way home from Iraq. Though non-debilitating, his injuries suffered during Operation Al Fajr, combined with those from a mortar attack in July, were enough to convince the Marines the time had come to order Mitchell to leave the combat zone. In a November 2004 interview with a Marine combat correspondent, Mitchell voiced his concerns about being ordered to leave Iraq, but was resigned to his fate.

"Being told by my [commanding officer], sergeant major, platoon commander and all my buddies that I have done enough – that helps to ease my thoughts," said Mitchell. "It is supportive, but at the same time, I came out here to lead a squad and finish the job."

Mitchell, who left the Marine Corps as a sergeant in March 2005, traveled to Camp Pendleton to receive the award with his wife, Sara, and seven-month-old son, Robert III, from their current home in Phoenix where Mitchell works as a motorcycle mechanic. Other family members and friends, including Nicoll, made the trip as well.

“Mitchell’s a Marine’s Marine, and I always looked to him as a role model” said Sanchez, who earned a Bronze Star Medal for valor during the fight for Fallujah. “I’m really happy to see him receive this award.”

The 26-year-old former Marine is unassuming, almost self-effacing, about receiving the Navy Cross.

“It’s very overwhelming, but I don’t think it’s hit me yet,” Mitchell said in an interview after the ceremony, pausing every few minutes to chat with well-wishers and pose for pictures. “It’s an honor – the biggest honor I could ever fathom.”

Mitchell is the eleventh Marine to earn the Navy Cross for battlefield service in Iraq. Another Marine received the coveted award earlier this year for heroism in Afghanistan.

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Every Marine knows Sgt Mitchell and Sgt Maj Kasal did their job at the level of Dan Daly, John Basilone and Ray Clausen.